Spatial Distribution and Associated Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Farmland Soil Surrounding the Ganhe Industrial Park in Qinghai Province, China

The farmland around the industrial areas in Upper Yellow River is crucial for agricultural production but vulnerable to contamination from surrounding industries. This research focused on analyzing spatial distribution and environmental risks of heavy metal pollution Ganhe Industrial Park Qinghai–Tibet Plateau. A total 138 surface soil samples were collected, concentration seven metals (Cd, As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) was analyzed using random forest (RF) model. Pollution indicators, including index Nemero index, used evaluate levels metals. human health ecological estimated hazard (HI) potential risk (RI). Cd Zn identified as primary pollutants study area, with being more concentrated than other Heavy most severe central–eastern region a ring-shaped distribution, which correlated presence zinc smelting chemical plants. Furthermore, revealed that posed threat local population, children particularly non-carcinogenic when HI 1.21 carcinogenic CR 2.27 × 10−5. Additionally, caused moderate high 56.4% samples. results highlighted impact delicate ecosystem government should take action improve environment management prevent protect population environment.